The Ethical Issues Of Drug Testing Essay - 2427 Words

Introduction Over the past few years, we have been witnessing technological advancement across the globe. As a result of these changes, we face a number of ethical and legal issues in our society and these issues range from business oriented to health issues, thus there is need for stakeholders and those involved to come up with some of the ways that will enabled them to identify these issues as well as some of the ways that can be used to prevent any loss as a result of these issues. This paper will address the issue of drug testing which has remained as one of the most sensitive issue because of divergent views of different people from all sectors of the economy. I will begin this paper by giving a brief definition of the term or of the phrase drug testing then I will explain some of the ethical issues caused by drug testing as well as the main ethical concerns raised by drug testing. In addition to this, I will explain some of the laws that have been put in place by government authorities to regulate drug testing. Lastly, I will make a few recommendations that will help us in the eventual reduction of liability as a result of exposure to drug testing as well as some of the ways that can help to reduce the ethical climate as a result of drug testing. What is drug testing? The term drug testing has been widely used by scholars and professionals from different fields more so those who are concerned with ethical issues of different individuals in the society as well as inShow MoreRelatedDrug And Alcohol Testing On The Workplace1663 Words   |  7 PagesDrug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Due: Monday Dec 1, 2014 COMM-220-F Rebecca Walsh By Brett Tate and Brandon Bracko November 17, 14 Introduction People often question drug and alcohol testing in the work place. It is a controversial subject that has a range of mixed emotions. But where do you draw the line when it comes to crossing the boundaries of prying into one’s personal life? This report will explain the legal, and ethical issues surrounding the topic of drug and alcohol testing inRead MoreWritten Analysis : Law And Ethics1659 Words   |  7 Pagesthose we empower will do so in a manner that is true and honest, for example in an ethical fashion. While both laws and ethics work to establish a moral boundary for all society, ethics is a more personal code while the law is a justice-based handbook. Violating laws will send a person to jail or give a person fines. Violating an ethical code will lead to shame and the scorn of others; it is important to note, ethical codes do not carry legal punishments. How Law and Ethics are Dissimilar Ethics andRead MoreDrugs and Ethics Essay example1150 Words   |  5 PagesEthics and law do not always go hand in hand. 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Testing of experimental drugs should be done in the country where the drugs are being manufactured. The major ethical dilemma is that the foreign countries that these clinical trials are not fully educated on the risks and understand what they are getting themselves into. In the article, many things stood out thatRead MoreDrug Development Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrug development This entire section on drug development highlights concerns which are very particular to the industry. They therefore lead to the implementation of CSR activities which are also very industry specific, although aspects such as animal testing and ethics in research can be shared by other industries such as the cosmetics industry, or the medical device sector for instance. Need for RD and innovation Today, the need for RD and innovation is great, maybe greater than ever. In the

Why The Commodities Super Cycle Is Complete Or Not

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The question as to whether the commodities super cycle is complete or not has to be analysed critically with regards specific products The shale gas underwent a complete turnaround in the early 21st Century. This was spearheaded by the United States Factors affecting the demand and supply of the shale gas industry. Introduction For the purpose of this report, the commodity selected is natural gas will be discussed but focus will be on shale gas. The time period for analysing the factors affecting demand and supply of the shale gas will be from the 1990’s to date. The report will look into current market situation and history of shale gas and its likely forecast in price movement in the future. Additionally, it will outline determinants that have led to increased demand using a case study of the United States and likely supply and demand to the rest of the world. Further, the report will discuss commodity price in the industry and arguments for and against supply, demand and price shifts. Future forecasts and sustainability of the product will be discussed by use of graphs and tables. Finally, recommendations and a conclusion based on the above analysis will be made about the commodity. Overview History of Shale gas According to (Total 2012), the production of shale gas begun in the 1990’s, and was majorly done by small independent producers. The big industry players who have advanced production technologies drove growth inShow MoreRelatedOur World Is Getting Closer And Closer To Being Enclosed1255 Words   |  6 Pagesclients or a specific market. As the reproduced commodities are sold and reused, the whole process of recycling is complete and will make way for another cycle to come. My relationship to nature is very hands on. I’m not like a super serious save the world person but I do try my best to do things that aren’t harmful to nature. 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Accounting Theory and Current Issues Bio Sustainable Feed Ltd

Question: Discuss about theq Accounting Theory and Current Issuesfor Bio Sustainable Feed Ltd. Answer: Introduction The Bio Sustainable Feed (BSF) Ltd is an Australian based bio research company, listed in ASX, the stock exchange of Australia. For last two decades the firm is engaged in making the plant based fish feed in sustainable aqua culture feed. But as the plant based feed as a research result of the company comes in the market, there were some drawbacks identified by the Environmentalist and the research failed. It was seen that the growth of the fish is remarkably slow mainly for the sea fishes. The reason for this was analysed and found that those fishes are basically small fish eaters like tuna, salmon etc. and the plant based feed is not working on them properly. Also the fatty acid which is good for health for human heart was less in quantity. Already the research cost of 360 million AUD was lost. CBC also asserts that the conversion ratio is very poor. It is also observed that the plant based feed is not resolving the problem and one third fish have died but the growing time is almost double plus the mature fishes were small in size. Environmentalist protests that the human quality foods are being used for luxury fishes which are leading towards poor low value fish production. This may be a reason for malnutrition. The firm got some subsides for doing the research work to develop an alternative aquaculture feed from research(Mediacongo, 2015). Nature and the Value to Society: The BSF ltd is a bio-research firm, and the main objective of BSF is to produce high quality fish feeds for the society. They decided to transform the oil based and meat based food to vegetable food for fishes. The vegetable feeds consist of fruit, beans nuts whole grains etc. but the problem arises in different way. The vegetable feeds were not suitable for the sea fishes or big fishes as they mainly eat the small fishes, and meat. The impact on them was bad, the growth reduces, almost one third fishes died in recent years. As a result the quantity of fatty acid reduces. It is also researching on the bacteria-based feeds and they are trying to find out the fish feeds, out of sugarcane residue, wood chips extra. The firm is trying to find out the alternative way to make the fish feeds from the bio research for last two decades. They shifted to plant based fish feeds which can affect health and eating the seafood will be safer and healthy. There are lots of funding received by the firm to accomplish the research work, as the work recycles the natural sources and the possibility of harmful substances reduces in the food. The animals as well as the human are getting the proper food value and proper nutrition from the resource. As the aquaculture rapidly growing in every nation the contribution of aquaculture to the fisheries is also expanding rapidly. The research focuses on the reformulation of diets for Nile tilapia, arguably the second highest firmed food in the world. The research led towards the plant based feeds for the fishes is not only diet and nutritious food for fishes but also it provides the proper food value to the human who consumes the food. The ingredients are extracted from canola, soy corn, nuts etc. The 24% of fish feed was made in 2000 and it is expected that the figure will reach to 7% in 2020. Research shows that the fish feed, if replaced by the locally grown plants and planktons, the growth of fi sh is remarkable and it reduces the death rate of the fishes also. It increases the food value of the fish. The aquaculture environment may now include the nutrient to the food and pesticides runoff(Fry, 2015). Early Problems: The research was based on plant based food for the fishes, food ingredients are from plants like sunflower soya bean etc. The problem begins when the big fishes failed to survive on that. At that time already 120 million wasted. The big fishes are those fishes which eat the other fishes like Tuna, salmon etc. As most of our favourite seafood is carnivorous and we have to feed them the fishmeal, the plant based meal will not work for them. In the year 2016 when CBC found the plant based feed is not resolving the issues, rather the growing time of the fishes became almost doubled, mature fishes look smaller than the normal size. Fish farming has become very popular now a days and the sector is growing rapidly outpacing the diary and beef industry. So at this time this sifting of food habit was very essential. With the usage of the plant based food, the conversion ratio was not improved as it was expected. These failure was compounded by the environmentalist as they said this shift coul d impact on health issues as well as the environmental effect on the seafood. As we get the Omega 3 fatty acid from the sea food which will reduce our heart problem. The research says that the usage of plant based feed will reduce the fatty acid quantity from the sea fish, which can affect the human health. Before using the plant based feed the fish farming industry should evaluate and analyse the environmental as well as the human health impact.(Emily, 2016) Research and Development: The research and development is the primary phase of one product life cycle. The R D is basically an investment activity; the outcome is an intangible asset. The development of the entire process of designing the product, marketing and catering the product, BSF has designed, planned the product, way of collecting the plant feed and how to market the products, whom to sale. On the other hand I would say research is the continuous process, the research and more research make the products more innovative and research work can fix the existing issues(Jantzen, 2013). Here product was initially launched for the fishes and the outcome of the research showed the findings like the sea fishes are not growing that much, the fatty acid contents becomes drastically low, now further research is required to overcome these issues. The research is a continuous process for the company. As the fishing firming or the aquaculture is rapidly growing all over the world, everyday there will be new challenges to face and the duty of the research team will be to fix the issues. Companies funded more when the existing product becomes outdated or the competitors come with superior quality. Sometimes product development is a whole thing from designing to selling. As the first step of developing a product, every company should have the R D department and invest more on this to upgrade the R D. the desired outcome is also a new innovation. Innovation is co related with R D, the new development, design, the application is innovation. Initially when the BSFs plant based feed failed to thrive, the company research on that to find out the solution, use of bacteria based food which will be produced from wood chips, methane gas, sugarcane residue etc. and to some extent the research was successful(Lothe, 2013). Market Value Patent: Patent is related to the intellectual property, it is the creation of mind. This patent is very important for pharmacy companies. It was expected the market value patent would be around $700 million AUD, this is mainly the cost for research and developing the product. Patents are the exclusive rights of a company. The patent is the asset for a company, as long as the patents are there, company gets the royalty on that. Fair market value of any asset is the cost of the asset in the open market. Fair market value patent is the value of the patent in the open market. As the patent is the intellectual property, the property in an intangible asset for the company. The calculation of patent is not fixed and it depends on the type of patent as well as the open market condition. As the bacteria based feed is a remarkable innovation and the usage of this product will change the feeding process of the fishes and the sea fishes, as well as this will be beneficial for the eco system and human he alth, the acceptability as well as the necessity creates a huge demand in all over the world. (Backman, Maurie, 2016). It is assumed that the product will be acceptable will give the satisfactory result as it is beneficial for human as well as fish. Journal Entries for the RD Transactions from 2013 to 2016: Date Particulars Debit ( in AUD) Credit( in AUD) 09.07.2013 Bank A/c debit 500 million CSIRO grant a/c Credit 500 million Being grant received from CSIRO 12.09.2014 Research a/c debit 140 million Bank A/c Credit 140 million Being expenses incurred in research 15.10.2014 Fixed Assets a/c debit 50 million Research a/c credit 50 million Being fixed assets procured for research 22.09.2015 Research a/c debit 180 million Bank A/c Credit 180 million Being expenses incurred in research 10.02.2016 Research a/c debit 180 million Bank A/c Credit 180 million Being expenses incurred in research 19.04.2016 Development a/c debit 100 million Bank A/c credit 100 million Being expenses incurred in development Justification of CSIRO grant and R D expenses of BSF Ltd:- Grant account deposited in bank on 9th July, 2013- As per grant from CSIRO First instalment on research expense had been allocated on 12.09.14- As per the condition laid by CSIRO. Procurement of fixed assets for research purpose had been done on 15.10.14-As per requirement of the research process. Second instalment of research expense had been allocated on 22.09.2015- As per the condition laid by CSIRO. Third instalment if research expense had been allocated on 10.02.2016- As per the condition laid by CSIRO. The expense on development had been spent on 19.04.2016- As per decision of BSF management. Reason for Assertion: With the rapid growth of the aquaculture industry, the researchers invented the plant base food for the fishes. The plant based food soon replaces the normal organic food of the fishes but recently new research has come up with the findings that the plant based food may affect the human health as well as that can slow down the growth of fish. BSFs researchers were trying to find out the new resources and they had invented the bacteria based food which will be brought from wood chips, sugarcane residuals, methane gas etc. Really it is a remarkable invention also. They have received the grant to do the R D from CSIRO, the scientist of this organisation spent long 10 years for development the feed activities. Turning meat eating fish to vegetarian diet was a challenge almost all over the world. The research is going on as research found that due to the deficiency of omega 3 in fish eating fish may cause a bad health for human as well as on the growth of the fish, research shows that th e fishs reproduction capability has dropped down and the matured fish is not grown as expected. These failures were compounded by the environmentalist as they said this conversion could impact on health issues as well as the environmental effect on the seafood. We get the Omega 3 fatty acid from the sea food which will reduce our heart problem. The patent is the intellectual property thus the property in an in tangible asset for the company(Mediacongo, 2015). The calculation of patent is not fixed. It depends on the type of patent as well as the open market condition. The BSF asserted the patent value as $700 million AUD if it is sold in two years and $200 million if it is sold in ten years(Ft, 2016). To support this there are few organisations that have supported the company to carry the research work, as the research is a continuous process and the inflow of the fund is very important. Companies funded more when the existing product becomes outdated or the competitors come with superior quality. Sometimes product development is a whole thing from designing to selling. The value of patent depends on the intellectual property. In the case BSF planning to coming out with new bacteria based feed which will be made from wood chips, methane gas, sugarcane residue etc. which is exclusive as well as the product will be unique because of one research and development of such product. The appropriate discounted rate is 8% Per Annum (Capitalcube, 2016). References: Backman, Maurie, 2016. How Is the Fair Market Value of Stock Determined? [Online] Available at: https://www.fool.com/knowledge-center/how-is-the-fair-market-value-of-stock-determined.aspx [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Capitalcube, 2016. Patties Foods Ltd. Value Analysis (ASX:PFL) : January 22, 2016. [Online] Available at: https://www.capitalcube.com/blog/index.php/patties-foods-ltd-value-analysis-asxpfl-january-22-2016/ [Accessed 19 September 2016]. Emily, 2016. Giving farmed fish plant-based food comes with complications. [Online] Available at: https://marinesciencetoday.com/2016/03/23/plant-based-aquaculture-complications/ [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Fry, J., 2015. Shift in farmed fish feed may affect nutritional benefits of eating seafood. [Online] Available at: https://hub.jhu.edu/2016/03/14/changing-fish-feed-nutritional-benefits-omega-3/ [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Ft, 2016. Patties Foods Ltd. [Online] Available at: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/financials?s=PFL:ASX [Accessed 19 September 2016]. Chen, J.M.R., n.d. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-bioscience. [Online]. Jantzen, L., 2010. https://sciencenordic.com/search/apachesolr_search/fish. [Online]. Jantzen, L., 2013. Fight fish disease with fish. [Online] Available at: https://sciencenordic.com/fight-fish-disease-fish [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Lothe, R., 2013. Fish feed-research may help reduce world hunger. [Online] Available at: https://sciencenordic.com/fish-feed-research-may-help-reduce-world-hunger [Accessed 25 September 2016]. Mediacongo, 2015. ToR Audit BSF-IA Final. [Online] Available at: www.mediacongo.net/docs/jobaof/2015/wv_tdr_anglais_20150418.docx [Accessed 17 September 2016].

Pride And Prejudice Essays (1188 words) - Romance Novels

Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice is a lighthearted tale of love and marriage in eighteenth-century England. It centers on the elder sisters of the Bennet family, Jane and Elizabeth. Their personalities, misunderstandings and the roles of pride and prejudice play a large part in the development of their individual relationships. The spirited Elizabeth and softhearted Jane have to deal with not only their own feelings but also the status of their family, both of which affect the outcomes of their prospective marriages. Pride and Prejudice is an apt name for the book. These notions permeate the novel thoroughly, especially in the views of Elizabeth and Darcy. Jane's temperance does not allow for these qualities to exist in her personality. Our first introduction to pride and prejudice is at a ball Mr.Bingley throws. His sisters and a dear friend of his, Mr.Darcy, accompany him. Mr. Darcy is characterized as a proud, haughty, arrogant man and ends up almost immediately alienating himself from the townspeople. This opinion arises after he refuses to dance with the young ladies who have attended the ball and his obvious reluctance to talk to anyone. His pride was said to come from his extreme wealth. Eighteenth-century England was quite preoccupied with status, especially concerning wealth and reputation. Darcy's reluctance to speak with anyone stemmed from his lack of respect for anyone outside his close knit circle. His good breeding was obvious only to those whom he knew well. Elizabeth is prejudiced against Darcy for entirely different reasons. She received information that was one-sided and made unfair assumptions on Darcy's character. She prejudged him; combining the superficial view she had of him and some rumors. The roles of pride and prejudice can be summed up in the exchange between Darcy and Elizabeth, after he proposed. Darcy clearly defines the reasons for his prejudice: "Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself on the hope of relations whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?" (Pg.164) Elizabeth's prejudice against him withstood even as her pride did not, under his assault on her family. Her opinion of him from the very beginning impressed her with " the fullest belief of (his) arrogance, (his) conceit, and (his) selfish disdain of the feelings of others". (Pg. 164) Elizabeth Bennet is a spirited character. She has a playful and lighthearted disposition. She is confident, loyal, clever and funny. She found delight " in anything ridiculous", which included an insult to her beauty. (Pg. 12) Her loyalty and devotion to her sister was shown in her three-mile trek to Bingley's house " so early in the day" and "in such dirty weather", to visit her while she was ill. (Pg. 30) Elizabeth is also more a skeptic. This particular quality in evident in the surprise she expresses in her sister's tendency to look at people through rose colored glasses. She is quite frank and very honest even though she occasionally professed "opinions which in fact are not (her) own". (Pg.149) She expresses her feeling regardless of the commotion that it may cause and more often than not, for the shock it will cause. She has a clear understanding of who she is and what will make her happy. This is most obvious when she refuses to marry Mr.Collins. And when she refuses to marry Mr.Darcy when he initially proposes. Even her shock at the mercenary actions of her best friend proves Elizabeth's understanding of what is right and what the ingredients of happiness are. Later, her playfulness can be seen in the way she endeavors to find out the moment Darcy fell in love with her. She declares that he fell in love with her impertinence, mainly because he was tired of all the women who fawned over him. Elizabeth's pride and other failings were all ones she eventually overcame. At one point in the novel, the readers are taken aback by a comment that Elizabeth makes. She tells her sister, she fell in love with Darcy after seeing his estate at Pemberly. At first glance the comment makes her seem as mercenary as her friend, Mrs. Collins but the reader realizes the real meaning behind the comment. Her love began not with sight of the estate, per se, but rather the taste and refinement that is expressed in the beauty of the estate. The fine taste of the estate reflects the taste of the owner. Elizabeth also first as hears stories of Darcy's generosity when she visits Pemberly. Elizabeth's overall